XML Document bilan ishlash

Nodirbek Abdulaxadov

XML (eXtensible Markup Language) - kengaytirilgan markerlash tili degan ma'noni anglatadi va SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) standart umumlashtirilgan markerlash tilidan olingan matnga asoslangan markerlash tilidir.

XML teglari HTML teglari kabi ma'lumotlarni ko'rsatish uchun ishlatilmaydi. Aksincha, XML - ma'lumotlarni saqlash va tartibga solish uchun ishlatiladi. Yaqin kelajakda XML HTML o'rnini bosmaydi, lekin u HTML ning ko'plab muvaffaqiyatli xususiyatlarini qo'llash orqali yangi imkoniyatlarni ochib beradi.

XML hujjatlar bilan ishlash uchun C# dasturlash tilida System.Xml nomlar fazosidagi asosan quyidagi sinflardan foydalaniladi:

• XmlDocument

• XmlConvert

• XmlNode

• XmlNodeList

• XmlScheme

• XmlReader

• XmlTextReader

• XmlWriter

• XmlTextWriter

Keling endi gapni cho'zmasdan amaliyotga o'tamiz. Quyida biz XML hujjat hosil qilishning bir nechta usullarini ko'rib chiqamiz.

Jarayonda biz Talaba modelidan tuzilgan Talabalar jadvalidan foydalanamiz:

public class Talaba
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Ism { get; set; }
        public string Familiya { get; set; }
        public string TelNomer { get; set; }
    }

1. XmlDocument va XmlNode sinflari yordamida:

XmlDocument sinfidan yangi obyekt hosil qilamiz:

XmlDocument document = new XmlDocument();

XmlNode sinfi orqali Xml hujjat parametrlarini hosil qilamiz va uni AppendChild metodi yordamida document ga qo'shamiz:

XmlNode xnode = document.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "UTF-8", null);
document.AppendChild(xnode);

Xml da yangi element hosil qilish XmlNode sinfining CreateElement metodi, elementga qiymat berish uchun esa CreateTextNode metodidan foydalanamiz.

Talabalar nomli bosh elementni yaratamiz va uni documentga qo'shamiz:

XmlNode talabalar = document.CreateElement("Talabar");
document.AppendChild(talabalar);

Endi Talaba modelining xususiyatlarini element shaklida tashkil qilgan Talaba nomli element hosil qilamiz:

XmlNode talaba = document.CreateElement("Talaba");
talabalar.AppendChild(talaba);

XmlNode id = document.CreateElement("Id");
id.AppendChild(document.CreateTextNode("1"));
talaba.AppendChild(id);

XmlNode ism = document.CreateElement("Ism");
ism.AppendChild(document.CreateTextNode("Nodirbek"));
talaba.AppendChild(ism);

XmlNode familiya = document.CreateElement("Familiya");
familiya.AppendChild(document.CreateTextNode("Abdulaxadov"));
talaba.AppendChild(familiya);

XmlNode nomer = document.CreateElement("TelNomer");
nomer.AppendChild(document.CreateTextNode("[phone]"));
talaba.AppendChild(nomer);

Yaratgan Xml hujjatimizni saqlaymiz:

document.Save("Talabalar.xml");

Natijamiz:

2. XmlWriter sinfi yordamida:

XmlWriter sinfining metodlari:

• Create - Yangi hujjat obyektini yaratish

• WriteStartDocument - Yangi hujjat yozishni boshlash

• WriteStartElement - Yangi element ochish

• WriteValue - Element qiymatini kiritish

• WriteEndElement - elementni yopish

• WriteEndDocument - hujjatni yopish

• Flush - hujjatni saqlash

XmlWriter sinfining metodlaridan va yuqoridagi model va ketma-ketlikdan foydalanib yangi Talabalar.xml nomli hujjat hosil qilamiz.

XmlWriter sinfidan yangi obyekt hosil qilish uchun dastlab uning sozlamalarini hosil qilish kerak bo'ladi:

XmlWriterSettings settings = new XmlWriterSettings();
settings.Indent = true;

XmlWriter obyektini Talabalar.xml fayli nomi va yuqoridagi settings bilan hosil qilamiz:

XmlWriter writer = XmlWriter.Create("Talabalar.xml", settings);

Talaba modelining xususiyatlarini kiritib, hujjatimizni hosil qilamiz:

writer.WriteStartDocument();
writer.WriteStartElement("Talabalar");

writer.WriteStartElement("Talaba");

writer.WriteStartElement("Id");
writer.WriteValue("1");
writer.WriteEndElement();

writer.WriteStartElement("Ism");
writer.WriteValue("Baxtiyor");
writer.WriteEndElement();

writer.WriteStartElement("Familiya");
writer.WriteValue("Murodov");
writer.WriteEndElement();

writer.WriteStartElement("TelNomer");
writer.WriteValue("[phone]");
writer.WriteEndElement();

writer.WriteEndDocument();
writer.Flush();

3. XML hujjat hosil qilish uchun C# dasturlash tilida System.Xml.Linq nomlar fazosidagi XElement sinfidan ham foydalansak bo'ladi:

Va nihoyat men yoqtirgan usulga ham yetib keldik 😄!

XElement sinfi yordamida XML hujjat hosil qilish birmuncha oson va tushunarli. Har bir element va uning ichidagi elementlar shajaraga o'xshab joylashadi.

XElement talabalar =
    new XElement("Talabalar",
        new XElement("Talaba",
            new XElement("Id", "1"),
            new XElement("Ism", "Baxtiyor"),
            new XElement("Familiya", "Murodov"),
            new XElement("Tel_nomer", "[phone]")));

    talabalar.Save("Talabalar.xml");

4. XML hujjatni JSON fayllar kabi Serialize qilish orqali ham yaratishimiz mumkin. Buning uchun bizga System.Xml.Serialization nomlar fazosidagi sinflar kerak bo'ladi.

Dastlab Talaba modelimizga [Serializable] attributini qo'shishimiz kerak bo'ladi:

[Serializable]
public class Talaba
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }
        public string Ism { get; set; }
        public string Familiya { get; set; }
        public string TelNomer { get; set; }
    }

Yangi Talaba obyektini xususiyatlari bilan yaratamiz va Talabalar listiga qo'shamiz:

Talaba talaba = new Talaba
        {
            Id = 1,
            Ism = "Baxtiyor",
            Familiya = "Murodov",
            TelNomer = "[phone]"
        };
        
List<Talaba> talabalar = new List<Talaba>();
talabalar.Add(talaba);

Obyektimizni serialize qilamiz va TextWriter yordamida Talabalar.xml nomi bilan saqlaymiz:

XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(List<Talaba>));
TextWriter twriter = new StreamWriter("Talabalar.xml");

serializer.Serialize(twriter, talabalar);
twriter.Close();

Natijamiz:

Qachondir davomi bor yana ;)