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  • Middleware o’zi nima
  • Middleware qanday ishlaydi
  • Qanday ishlatamiz o’zi
  • Run Middleware
  • Diqqat!
  • Map Middleware
  • Ichma-ich Map
  • MapWhen
  • Built-in middleware’lar

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  1. C# / .NET
  2. Web Dasturlash
  3. ASP.NET Core asoslari

Middleware tushunchasi

Muhammad Xodjayev

PreviousASP.NET Core dasturlarini hosting qilishNextMiddleware bilan amaliyot

Last updated 4 months ago

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Middleware — bu Core’dagi fundamental va ajralmas qismlardan biri hisoblanadi. U HTTP Request’lar va response’lar ustida amal bajarishimizga yordam beradi. Bugun ushbu maqolada biz middleware haqidagi tushunchalarni, uni qo’llashni ko’rib chiqamiz, kettik 🚀.


Middleware o’zi nima

Middleware — bu Core pipeline’ida HTTP request’lar va response’lar ustida amal bajarishimiz uchun bizga yordam beradigan dasturning tarkibiy qismi. Har bir middleware ushbu ishlarni amalga oshira oladi:

  • Middleware biror-bir middleware’dan oldinham keyinham ish qila oladi.

  • Request yoki Response’ni o’zgartira oladi.

  • Pipeline’dan short-circuit (ya’ni chiqib ketish) qila oladi va response’ni сразу yubora oladi.

Middleware — program.cs’da pipeline’ga qanday ketma-ketlika qo’yilgan/qo’shilgan bo’lsa, usha ketma-ketlikda ishlaydi.


Middleware qanday ishlaydi

Yuqorida ikki martta ta’kidlaganimizdek, middleware bizga HTTP request yoki response’lar ustida ishlashimizni ta’minlaydi. Middleware’ni ishlatishga — 3 ta asosiy metodlar bor:

  • Use : Pipeline’ga middleware qo’shadi.

  • Run : Terminal middleware qo’shadi, ya’ni pipeline’ni to’xtatuvchi/hal qiluvchi middleware.

  • Map : Request’dan kelib chiqib (ya’ni conditional), pipeline’da yangi branch ochadi (Map’ham terminal middleware hisoblanadi).

Ushbu metodlar yordamida middleware yozsak biz anonim metodlar orqali yozamiz ya’ni bu — in-line middleware hisoblanadi. Yoki umuman bu metodlarni ishlatmasdan, reusable (ya’ni alohida class) class’da yozib uni pipeline’ga qo’shib qo’ysakham bo’laveradi.


Qanday ishlatamiz o’zi

Ushbu rasmda middleware’lar o’zi qanday ishlashi haqida batafsil yoritilgan. E’tibor bering, qora strelka kelib birinchi middleware’ga uriladi, u yerda qandaydur ish bajariladi so’ng next() chaqiriladi. Keyin ikkinchi middleware’ga o’tib ketadi, keyin uchinchiga.

Diqqat! 3 chi ya’ni terminal middleware’dan ortga qaytib ketyapti, bu degani birinchi bo’lib 1-2-3 va oxiriga 3-2-1 ya’ni response qaytarish uchun yana oldingi middleware’larga yo’lda kiradi degani, agarda u yerdaham next() dan keyin qandaydur logic yozgan bo’lsangiz ularham ishga tushadi. Misolda ko’ramiz:

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var app = builder.Build();

app.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
    Console.WriteLine("1 chi Use middleware'da birinchi amal");
    await next.Invoke();
    Console.WriteLine("1 chi Use middleware'da ikkinchi amal");
});

app.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
    Console.WriteLine("2 chi Use middleware'da birinchi amal");
    await next.Invoke();
    Console.WriteLine("2 chi Use middleware'da ikkinchi amal");
});

app.Run(async context =>
{
		Console.WriteLine("-----");
    await context.Response.WriteAsync("3 chi middleware (terminal middleware)'dan salom");
});

app.Run();

Hozir bu kodda birinchi bo’lib birinchi Use middleware ishlaydi, so’ng await next.Invoke() bilan keyingi middleware’ni chaqiradi, keyin 2 chi middleware ishlaydi, so’ng 3 chi — Run ishlaydi. Tepada aytganimdek, pipeline ortga qaytib ketadi, yo’lda Use middleware’larga kiradi. U yerda await next.Invoke() dan keyin ham kod yozilgan, ular tabiiyki ishga tushadi. Xullas output quyidagicha:

1 chi Use middleware'da birinchi amal
2 chi Use middleware'da birinchi amal
-----
2 chi Use middleware'da ikkinchi amal
1 chi Use middleware'da ikkinchi amal

3 chi middleware’dan salom esa, u Respone bo’lganligi uchun website’da ko’rinadi.


Run Middleware

Run middleware’i Use kabi o’ziga next ni qabul qilmaydi va bu degani Run metodi ichida biz keyingi middleware’ni chaqira olmaymiz. Bu esa Run so’nggi ya’ni short-circuting middleware hisoblanadi.

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var app = builder.Build();

app.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
    Console.WriteLine("1 chi Use middleware'da birinchi amal");
    await next.Invoke();
    Console.WriteLine("1 chi Use middleware'da ikkinchi amal");
});

app.Run(async context =>
{
		Console.WriteLine("-----");
    await context.Response.WriteAsync("3 chi middleware (terminal middleware)'dan salom");
});

app.Use(async (context, next) => // ushbu middleware hech qachon ishga tushmaydi.
{
    Console.WriteLine("2 chi Use middleware'da birinchi amal");
    await next.Invoke();
    Console.WriteLine("2 chi Use middleware'da ikkinchi amal");
});

app.Run();

Ushbu kodda ikkinchi Use middleware’i hech qachon ishga tushmaydi, chunki Run ichida next yo’q. Output quyidagicha bo’ladi:

1 chi Use middleware'da birinchi amal
-----
1 chi Use middleware'da ikkinchi amal

Diqqat!

Bu rasmdagilar o’zi bor middleware’lar. Biz ushbu metodlar bilan Custom Middleware yozamiz. Ammo bizda o’zi bor middleware’lar ustida to’liq nazorat bor (ya’ni biz ularni orasiga o’zimizni middleware’imizni qo’shsak bo’ladi).


Middleware’lar ketma-ketligi Program.csda joylashgan bo’ladi. Ularni ketma-ketligi judayam muhim chunki bu xavfsizlikka, dastur ishlashiga to’g’ridan to’g’ri ta’sir o’tkazadi.


Map Middleware

Map metodi orqali biz pipeline’nni alohida branch (ya’ni shox)ga o’tkaza olamiz. Ya’ni Map ishlatilinayotganda biz PATH beramiz va agarda REQUEST PATH bilan bir-xil bo’lib qolsa, usha branch’ga kirib ketadi va ushbu middleware terminal (ya’ni hal qiluvchi/so’nggisi) bo’ladi.

Masalan:

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var app = builder.Build();

app.Map("/map1", HandleMapTest1);

app.Map("/map2", HandleMapTest2);

app.Run(async context =>
{
    await context.Response.WriteAsync("Map ishlamagan dasturdan salom");
});

app.Run();

static void HandleMapTest1(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
    app.Run(async context =>
    {
        await context.Response.WriteAsync("Map Test 1");
    });
}

static void HandleMapTest2(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
    app.Run(async context =>
    {
        await context.Response.WriteAsync("Map Test 2");
    });
}
Request
Response

Map ishlamagan dasturdan salom

Map Test 1

Map Test 2

Map ishlamagan dasturdan salom


Ichma-ich Map

Map metodi shuningdek ichma-ich mapni qo’llab-quvvatlaydi:

app.Map("/level1", level1App => {
    level1App.Map("/level2a", level2AApp => {
        // "/level1/level2a" ishga tushyapti
    });
    level1App.Map("/level2b", level2BApp => {
        // "/level1/level2b" ishga tushyapti
    });
});

MapWhen

Va MapWhen bor. Bu nafaqat PATH’ni tekshiradi, balki uning so’rovini ham tekshira oladi. Func<HttpContext, bool> ushbu predicate’dan qaytgan qiymat (true yoki false)ga qarab turib yangi branch’ga olib kirib ketadi yoki yo’q. Ushbu misolda query string’ni tekshirib (ya’ni request’da kelgan so’rov)ni tekshirib beradi:

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
var app = builder.Build();

app.MapWhen(context => context.Request.Query.ContainsKey("Muhammad"), HandleBranch);

app.Run(async context =>
{
    await context.Response.WriteAsync("Map ishlamagan dasturdan salom.");
});

app.Run();

static void HandleBranch(IApplicationBuilder app)
{
    app.Run(async context =>
    {
        var branchVer = context.Request.Query["Muhammad"];
        await context.Response.WriteAsync($"Ishlatilingan branch = {branchVer}");
    });
}
Request
Response

Map ishlamagan dasturdan salom

Ishlatilingan branch = main


Built-in middleware’lar


Xurmat bilan,

Muhammad Xodjayev

Order-of-middleware

O’zi aslida Core’da middleware’lar biz uchun yozib qo’yilgan. Hozir ko’rib chiqayotgan Use, Run, va Maplar qo’shimcha middleware qo’shishimizni ta’minlaydi.

Order-of-middleware2

Quyidagi jadvalda ’ga yuborilgan REQUEST va RESPONSE’larni ko’rishingiz mumkin:

Quyidagi jadvalda ’ga yuborilgan REQUEST va RESPONSE’larni ko’rishingiz mumkin:

→ ushbu link orqali Core’da biz middleware yozmasak ham, shundoq ham mavjud bo’lgan middleware’lar to’plami mavjud. Kirib o’qib chiqishni maslahat beraman.

ASP.NET
ASP.NET
ASP.NET
http://localhost:5000
http://localhost:5000
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/middleware/?view=aspnetcore-9.0#built-in-middleware
ASP.NET
http://localhost:5000
http://localhost:5000/map1
http://localhost:5000/map2
http://localhost:5000/map3
http://localhost:5000
http://localhost:5000/?muhammad=main